Gonadal toxicity can be resulted from ionising radiation and chemotherapeutic agents especially alkylating agents such as chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide and melphalan.
All patients at risk for infertility who have not completed childbearing should discuss germ cell storage options with the medical team.
Male - Semen cryopreservation of at least three samples with 48-h abstinence intervals is recommended. For azoospermic men, testicular sperm extraction may be an option for fertility preservation. Prepubertal males may participate in clinical research of testicular tissue/spermatogonial stem cell storage.
Female - Embryo cryopreservation and ovary transposition are the only established fertility preservation options for female patients. Experimental fertility preservation options are oocyte cryopreservation for women without a partner and ovarian tissue storage for those who cannot undergo ovarian stimulation or are prepubertal.
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