Causes of Nephritis and Nephrotic syndrome

Nephritis Syndrome

Nephritic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria, hematuria, azotemia, red blood cell casts, oliguria and hypertension.

The main features are hypertension and RBC casts.

The proteinuria in nephritic syndrome is not severe, if it is severe the patient likely has a mix of nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome.

Causes:

• IgA Nephropathy and Henoch Schonlein purpura
• Mesangiocapillary GN
• Idiopathic crescentic GN
• Lupus nephritis
• Post-infectious GN
• Anti-GBM disease
• ANCA positive small vessel vasculitis

Nephrotic Syndrome

It is a clinical syndrome defined as proteinuria of more than 3.5 g per day, hypoalbuminaemia, generalised oedema and hyperlipidaemia.

Causes:

• Minimal change nephropathy
• Membranous nephropathy
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
• Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis
• Lupus Nephritis
• Diabetes glomerulosclerosis
• Renal amyloidosis